Central Aceh, Aceh 

Located along the spine of the Bukit Barisan mountain range, Central Aceh Regency features a mountainous and hilly topography with an average elevation ranging from 600 to 2,600 meters above sea level. Its capital is Takengon, which enjoys cool weather year-round. Central Aceh Regency covers an area of 431,839 hectares or approximately 4,318.39 km², with the following land use statuses: Game Reserve covering 86,244.83 hectares (19.05%), Protected Forest covering 185,372.76 hectares (40.94%), Permanent Production Forest covering 69,337.47 hectares (15.31%), Limited Production Forest covering 6,228.01 hectares (1.38%), and Restricted Use Area covering 105,570.35 hectares (23.32%).

As a coffee producer, Central Aceh Regency produces one of the best varieties of Arabica coffee in the world, with a land area of 50,000 hectares and an average production of 800 kilograms per hectare annually. Coffee serves as a positive driver for the economy and social development in Central Aceh Regency, while also contributing significantly to the environment as a productive forest for carbon stock. More than 50,000 households rely on coffee plantations for their livelihoods, with around 40,000 hectares of plantations owned by smallholder farmers. Women, on average, manage a quarter of these plantations and provide livelihoods for approximately 70% of the population in Central Aceh Regency.

Central Aceh Regency is located within a forest area that covers 77% of its total territory. Therefore, in planning development, it must ensure that the principles of sustainable development are integrated into policies, plans, and programs to ensure the sustainability of resources and guarantee the ability, safety, well-being, and quality of life for both present and future generations.

Mandailing Natal, North Sumatra

It is the second-largest regency in North Sumatra Province, covering an area of 653,342 hectares. Mandailing Natal Regency has three types of land topography: lowlands, which account for 24.24% of the total area, sloping land at 5.49%, and highlands, which make up 70.25% of the total land area. Land use is predominantly focused on agriculture, which serves as the mainstay of the local economy. Along with the fisheries and forestry sectors, agriculture is the largest contributor to the regency's revenue, with an annual growth rate of approximately 4.47%.

Geographically, Mandailing Natal Regency is located in the easternmost part of North Sumatra Province, directly bordering West Sumatra Province. Additionally, Mandailing Natal Regency is traversed by the Batang Gadis River Basin, which covers an area of 91,668.17 hectares, equivalent to 14.02% of the total area of Mandailing Natal Regency.

Mandailing Natal is known for producing the best coffee from Sumatra, namely Mandheling Coffee. This coffee is renowned for its high quality and flavor, cultivated at high altitudes ranging from 900 to 1,400 meters above sea level. According to the latest data from the Central Statistics Agency, the area of smallholder coffee plantations reaches 3,572.62 hectares, with a production yield of 2,565.16 tons. The coffee varieties grown in Mandailing Natal include several types such as Sigarar Utang, Kartika, Ateng, and Kopi Godang.

Besides coffee, oil palm is one of the potential commodities in Mandailing Natal. Currently, it is indicated by many people who plant oil palm in privately owned plantations spread almost throughout the West Coast of Mandailing Natal Regency. Until 2021, data obtained on the Oil Palm Land Area in Mandailing Natal Regency reached 19,086.01 Ha with a total production of 293,802.85 tons. Community oil palm plantations are now undergoing a fairly rapid development in area, along with the transition of planting commodities. This certainly needs to be supported to increase the capacity of farmers and land management.

Sanggau, West Kalimantan 

Located in the West Kalimantan Province, the region of Sanggau Regency consists of fifteen districts with an area of 12,857.70 km² and a population density of 29 people per km². Geographically, Sanggau Regency has a tropical climate with the highest average rainfall reaching 196 mm in January and the lowest point reaching 54 mm in July. Generally, the area of Sanggau Regency is a highland region with hills and swamps traversed by several rivers such as the Kapuas River, Sekayam River, and Tayan River. 

The majority of the population in Sanggau Regency works in the agricultural sector, with palm oil being a primary source of economic income alongside rubber and other commodities. Meanwhile, other sectors such as forestry have not significantly impacted economic improvement for communities around the forests. This is evident from the increasing forest cover being cleared and converted into plantation land. Therefore, comprehensive development and strengthening of this sector are needed to ensure sustainability both economically and environmentally.

Currently, the development of palm oil commodities is advancing rapidly, with almost every village in Sanggau Regency now having palm oil plantations, although some are relatively small as they are planted independently, while others are large plantations managed by companies. A notable phenomenon, particularly in the indicative program areas, is the increasing shift of commodities from rubber, cocoa, and rice fields to palm oil plantations.

Various local government policies to promote sustainable palm oil plantation management in Sanggau Regency have been issued to continually strengthen the process for farmers and companies. These efforts aim to ensure optimal production processes while also achieving a positive balance for nature and the environment.

Luwu, South Sulawesi 

Luwu Regency is the fourth largest regency in South Sulawesi Province, covering an area of 3,000.25 km². The elevation in Luwu Regency ranges from 0 to 3,500 meters above sea level, with the highest point located in Latimojong District. The climate in Luwu Regency is relatively stable, with the highest temperatures reaching up to 34.5°C in September and the lowest at 20.5°C in July. Generally, the highest rainfall in Luwu Regency occurs in December, with 860.3 mm over 28 rainy days, and in January, with 839.9 mm over 30 rainy days. The lowest rainfall occurs in July, with 77.3 mm over 8 rainy days.

South Sulawesi is one of Indonesia's largest producers of rice and cocoa. In 2018, Luwu Regency had a state forest area of 107,022.47 hectares and a non-state forest area (APL) of 181,648.31 hectares. The state forest area consists of Protected Forests covering 83,197.83 hectares and Production Forests covering 23,824.64 hectares (with 20,012.98 hectares under Concession Forest and 3,811.66 hectares under Limited Production Forest). According to BPS data from 2014 to 2019, the average productivity of cocoa plantations in South Sulawesi ranged from 0.55 to 0.63 tons per hectare. The average age of cocoa plants in South Sulawesi is over 12 years, and without significant replanting or rejuvenation, productivity remains low. This lack of productivity is also due to inadequate plant maintenance and pest control, leading farmers to seek new land for more profitable crops such as rice and cloves.

South Sulawesi is the fourth-largest rice-producing province in Indonesia. In 2018, rice production reached 5,952,616 tons, contributing 10.06% to the national rice production that year. Typically, towards the end of the year, when rice production in Java and Sumatra declines, rice from Sulawesi also reaches Java. Several regencies in South Sulawesi have extensive rice paddies. The lowlands are suitable for rice cultivation, and water sources are available in the mountainous areas. Since most of the rice fields are irrigated and there are two harvests per year, productivity is supported by these favorable conditions.